Либертарианство
В течении столетия (а если с писем Дежака считать, то 150 лет) анархисты употребляли слово libertarian как синонимичное слову anarchist (и как прилагательное, и как существительное). Знаменитый анархисткий журнал Le Libertaire был основан в 1895 году. Это не помешало, однако, тому, что позже термин был присвоен американскими философами свободного рынка.
The term libertarian dates back to the 18th century where it was used in philosophy to denote those who believed in free will rather than some form of determinism. Later, in the 19th century, the term started to be used in a political context by socialists who advocated a democratically self-managed type of non-state socialism; first appearing in the anarcho-communist Joseph Déjacque’s De l’être-humain mâle et femelle - Lettre à P.J. Proudhon. Libertarian socialists used the term libertarian to differentiate their views, which emphasized the importance of individual liberty, advocated the elimination of unjustified hierarchy, capitalism, and the state, from those socialists which advocated the need for a state (hierarchical government composed of professional politicians and bureaucrats, and backed up by a police force and an a standing army). (Note: some libertarian socialists also used the labels: libertarian communist, social anarchist or socialist anarchist, anarcho-communist or just plain old “anarchist.”)
It wasn’t until the 1950s, at the earliest, that the term libertarian started to be used by capitalists, who previously referred to themselves as classical liberals or market liberals. The term wasn’t popularized by the political right (capitalists) until the early 1970s when the US Libertarian Party was formed. Libertarian socialists have always considered this an insulting co-optation of the term, as capitalism, along with the state, should rightly be seen as the principal enemies of liberty. Capitalism, being an inherently hierarchical system in which wealth is disproportionately distributed to those who own capital in the form of a means of production or other type of workplace, cannot be reconciled with libertarianism as it was known in its original sense (before the mid 20th century): a system of society in which inequality and unjustified hierarchy is abolished. The concentration of wealth in the hands of a minority ruling class, which is typical in any capitalist society - libertarian or not - allows for concentrations of political power, and therefore, plutocratic tyranny and hierarchy.
http://libertyandsocialism.org/2012/05/11/a-libertarian-socialist-critique-of-the-libertarian-party-and-ron-paul/
The term libertarian dates back to the 18th century where it was used in philosophy to denote those who believed in free will rather than some form of determinism. Later, in the 19th century, the term started to be used in a political context by socialists who advocated a democratically self-managed type of non-state socialism; first appearing in the anarcho-communist Joseph Déjacque’s De l’être-humain mâle et femelle - Lettre à P.J. Proudhon. Libertarian socialists used the term libertarian to differentiate their views, which emphasized the importance of individual liberty, advocated the elimination of unjustified hierarchy, capitalism, and the state, from those socialists which advocated the need for a state (hierarchical government composed of professional politicians and bureaucrats, and backed up by a police force and an a standing army). (Note: some libertarian socialists also used the labels: libertarian communist, social anarchist or socialist anarchist, anarcho-communist or just plain old “anarchist.”)
It wasn’t until the 1950s, at the earliest, that the term libertarian started to be used by capitalists, who previously referred to themselves as classical liberals or market liberals. The term wasn’t popularized by the political right (capitalists) until the early 1970s when the US Libertarian Party was formed. Libertarian socialists have always considered this an insulting co-optation of the term, as capitalism, along with the state, should rightly be seen as the principal enemies of liberty. Capitalism, being an inherently hierarchical system in which wealth is disproportionately distributed to those who own capital in the form of a means of production or other type of workplace, cannot be reconciled with libertarianism as it was known in its original sense (before the mid 20th century): a system of society in which inequality and unjustified hierarchy is abolished. The concentration of wealth in the hands of a minority ruling class, which is typical in any capitalist society - libertarian or not - allows for concentrations of political power, and therefore, plutocratic tyranny and hierarchy.
http://libertyandsocialism.org/2012/05/11/a-libertarian-socialist-critique-of-the-libertarian-party-and-ron-paul/