1.
[edited to add]
2. i have just spent an hour teaching my sister o level history giving myself a stroke. because my sister has a vague lousy textbook and a teacher who just rehashes said lousy textbook without explaining anything, she had no idea that lebensraum meant living space, she doesn't recognise the significance of germany's rearmament and she has only just realised that all the 'factors' of each event are actually linked to each other. oh and guess what, she has never written a single history essay, not because she's one of those recalcitrants who doesn't hand in homework, but because she's never been given an essay to write. all the tests she's had in these almost one and a half years of history elective? only source-based questions. the first time she's writing an essay is her mid-year exam.
brilliant, just brilliant.