If one judges matters by intentions (such as by presuming that effects flow from intentions), one lives in a very congenial world. You are always right, because your intentions are always good. Those who disagree with you must, therefore, have “wrong” intentions and so always be wrong
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When there is an effort at specific ideological and political ‘socialisation’ in modern schools, and it certainly does happen - the subject of ‘Australian Studies’ in the first few years of the VCE was a blatant hagiography of unions and unionism so egregious that I made a deliberate, and successful, attempt to fail that subject - but these are not done by the bureaucracy itself, but as the result of explicit government interference, and in this case it was enforced over all schools (or, in other words, you won't stop that sort of bullshit by privatising all schools), and was so widely hated that the bureaucracy managed to wind it back relatively quickly.
And as far as it goes, education has had, does have, and always will have “specific socialisation aims”: they aim to inculcate that obeying the law and cooperating with people are good things, and fighting and breaking the law are bad things. They also try to inculcate, with varying degrees of success, how to think for oneself and continue learning without a teacher forcefeeding you. As far as outcomes go, for the most part if students come out the other end of the education system literate, socialised (as in able to fit in to society), and ready to work, that's a success. Anything further is gravy. (That's from a policy overview POV, of course, where the aspirations of individuals are less important than the overall outcome.)
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That there was going to be a push to increase education levels is a given. The interesting question is why get the state to provide schooling itself. Which is some version of "because we do not trust others to do it". Having the regulator also be the provider means you can also give yourself necessary free passes.
As for literacy, etc, government provision has not exactly been covering itself in glory on that one. Not that it is easy to find out exactly how well, or not, they are doing. Perhaps someone should prod the regulator on that. Oh, wait ...
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Because at the time, there were the religious schools, and there were the (few) private schools, and there were... Oh, right, there was nothing else, and it wasn't seen as cost effective, let alone profitable, to give education to poor people. And yet it was a common good, which enhanced all people. And so, as a common good, the government took up its provision.
I imagine that a Thatcherite might find this incomprehensible, yet still it makes sense.
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