«Люди так же различны, как различна их ДНК», - утверждает Даррин Макмэхон, забывая о другом измерении - различии индивидуального опыта, еще многократно увеличивающем человеческое разнообразие. Как бы то ни было, любая концепция равенства - это вычленяемое из этого разнообразия абстрактное общее свойство, которым в разные времена и в разных местах
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Conditions of widespread impoverishment began to change around 1800, when a dramatic takeoff began-first in Western Europe and North America, more recently in India and China ( ... )
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Макклоски отделяет себя от Вебера, пытаясь разделить психологию и социологию - под влиянием новых идей изменились не люди, а общество в целом, которое стало более открытым к «буржуазным» ценностям.
"I call it the bourgeois revaluation. It's not so much that individual business people became psychologically more greedy or harder working. That's Max Weber, and it's wrong. It's mistaken. What happened is that the rest of the society joined in praising bourgeois actors. Not entirely. England, to this day, has a certain sneering attitude towards people in trade, but that's increasingly obsolete. In any case, between the time of Shakespeare and Jane Austen, it radically transformed, as I show in the books. We started to admit into civilized society the bourgeoisie, which we had formerly excluded. In a hierarchy, you're stuck if you're a milkmaid. You're stuck if you're a slave. That's pretty obvious. Hierarchies of the sort we had-men over women, masters over slaves, masters over apprentices for that matter-were ( ... )
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Было бы интересно проследить сходство и различие между англо-голландским капитализмом 17-го века и, например, капитализмом итальянских республик времен Возрождения - а также финикийских и греческих торговых поселений античности. Да, капитализм 17-го века был тесно связан с научно-технической революцией небывалого масштаба, но есть ли какие-то различия в психологии, в отношении людей к предпринимательской деятельности? На первый взгляд, минимальные.
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"Note: the crux was not psychology-Max Weber had claimed in 1905 that it was-but sociology. Toleration for free trade and honored betterment was advocated first by the bourgeoisie itself, then more consequentially by the clerisy, which for a century before 1848 admired economic liberty and bourgeois dignity, and in aid of the project was willing to pledge its life, fortune, and sacred honor. After 1848 in places like the United States and Holland and Japan, the bulk of ordinary people came slowly to agree. By then, however much of the avant garde of the clerisy worldwide had turned decisively against the bourgeoisie, on the road to twentieth-century fascism and communism."
https://deirdremccloskey.org/docs/pdf/McCloskey_IdeasEnrichedTheWorld.pdf
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