Re: PSYCH WEEK 4
anonymous
April 10 2006, 10:27:05 UTC
ASSIGNMENT: Learning Exercises DUE DATE: by DAY 4 POINTS: 40
This four-part assignment requires you to answer questions about classical conditioning and operant conditioning. The questions are given below. You are to record your answers on the answer sheet provided at the end of this document. You will need to copy and paste the answer sheet into one Word document on your computer. Then you will be able to fill in your answers (please do not copy the questions-just give answers), save the document, and send it to your student folder for grading. The answer key will be posted after everyone has submitted the assignment.
PART A: Classical or Operant Conditioning?
Each of the following scenarios represents classical conditioning or operant conditioning in action. Determine which one…
1. Your parents give you $20 for every A on your report card.
2. Tiffany, who was playing with her friend’s pet ferret, was very frightened when she heard a loud noise. Now whenever Tiffany sees a ferret, she begins to cry.
3. While on vacation, Jane got food poisoning from eating an undercooked chicken sandwich from a beachside food stand. Now Jane says she can’t eat chicken sandwiches.
4. Four-year-old Will is given a time out for putting his freshly-picked chicken pox scab on the wall of his preschool classroom.
5. Matthew’s parents tell him that he can’t get his driver’s license until long after his seventeenth birthday, because he got in bad trouble over the summer.
6. Peter gives his cats treats that he stores in a certain cabinet in the kitchen. Whenever the cats hear the cabinet open, they run to the kitchen.
7. Sarah puts her seatbelt on before she starts her car so that she doesn’t have to listen to the annoying “reminder” noise.
8. Janice got sick after a night of too many vodka and cranberry juice drinks. Now even thinking about vodka and cranberry makes her feel nauseous.
9. Mike wears his favorite blue shirt on his first date with Sylvia, because she smiled at him and gave him a compliment the last time her wore it.
10. Cindy won’t go into the ocean, because an approaching shark frightened her when she was swimming during a family vacation in Florida. PART B: Classical Conditioning
In each of the following scenarios, identify the US, UR, CS and CR.
1. Pavlov’s dogs salivated when food powder was placed into their mouths. They did not salivate originally when they heard the sound of a metronome clicking. After repeated trials in which the metronome sound preceded the administration of food powder, the dogs began to salivate when they heard the metronome.
2. Watson and Rayner (1920) startled 11-month-old “Little Albert” with a loud noise produced by banging a steel bar with a hammer. Little Albert cried in fear every time the loud noise was made. He was not, however, afraid of the white rat they showed him. After a few trials in which they presented a white rat just before making the loud noise, Albert began to show fear of the rat.
3. When a newborn baby’s cheek is stroke, the baby turns its head in the direction of the stroke. A researcher pairs the smell of lemon with cheek stroking for a series of trials. Afterwards, the baby turns its head when it smells the scent of lemon.
4. When a rat receives a shock, it reacts in fear. If a poisonous snake is presented to the rat just before the shock on a number of trials, the rat will show a fear response to the snake.
Re: PSYCH WEEK 4
anonymous
April 10 2006, 10:27:55 UTC
5. After he recovered from a bad case of the flu, Robbie could not bring himself to eat oatmeal, which he had tried to eat during his illness.
6. Adrenaline injections can increase the activity of natural killer cells, an important part of the body’s immune system. In an attempt to boost their immune system functioning, patients were given a taste of a sweet sherbet before adrenaline injections. Upon later testing, the sweet sherbet itself elicited an increase in natural killer cell activity.
7. While out for a run one day, you are stung by a wasp. As a result of this experience, you develop a terrible fear of wasps.
8. Rachman & Hodgson (1968) took 7 male volunteers and presented them with conditioning trials in which a picture of black, knee-length boots was followed by a picture of a nude woman. After about 30 trials, the sight of the boots sexually aroused 5 of the males.
9. Alex, the main character in the film “A Clockwork Orange,” is aroused by violence. During a conditioning process, he is given a drug that makes him nauseous and made to view scenes of violence. Eventually, he avoids violence altogether.
10. Gulf War veterans exposed to toxic petroleum fumes showed symptoms related to an increase in interleukin-1, a small protein produced by the immune system during times of stress and illness. These symptoms include nausea, headaches, sleep problems, and rashes. One veteran reported the onset of the symptoms every time he smelled petroleum.
PART C: Operant Conditioning
In each of the following examples, identify the target behavior and decide which learning process is being used to increase or decrease that behavior: positive reinforcement (PR), negative reinforcement (NR), or punishment (P). The person whose behavior is being reinforced or punished is underlined to avoid ambiguity.
1. Clients who successfully complete a whole series of therapy sessions without reverting to their problem behavior receive a free relaxation tape of their choice.
2. I try to ask questions in class, but my instructor is very critical of me when I do.
3. Jane rolled her eyes and sighed at Meghan until she started paying better attention to passes directed at her in their soccer game.
4. Every time I buy a lottery ticket, I just lose money, so I stopped buying them.
5. Each time her client arrives for the appointment prepared to begin working immediately, the therapist begins the session with a fun activity.
Re: PSYCH WEEK 4
anonymous
April 10 2006, 10:28:21 UTC
6. Teri’s jobs at home are to take out the trash and clean the bathroom. Her mom told her that she would not have to clean the bathroom if she takes out the trash without having to be reminded to do so.
7. Professor West deducts a point from his students’ grades for every class they miss.
8. To reduce his own anxiety, Sam has learned to study regularly before each quiz, resulting in better grades.
9. Mary and Austin are dating. Austin isn’t online to IM Mary when he said he would be. When he finally does send her a message, Mary doesn’t respond.
10. Jacob earns $20 from his dad for raking leaves and mowing the lawn.
PART D: Schedules of Reinforcement
Each of the following scenarios represents one of the four schedules of reinforcement we studied. Label each one either fixed interval (FI), fixed ratio (FR), variable interval (VI), or variable ratio (VR).
1. Sean gets paid $50 for every 10 raffle tickets he sells
2. June never knows when her boss might call her in for a meeting, so she always has to be prepared.
3. Ken pays his son a quarter for every 15 minutes he practices playing the piano.
4. Susan is a bartender in a sports bar downtown. Some nights she makes a lot of money in tips, and other nights she makes only a little, depending on whether the Red Wings win.
5. Mr. Romisch gives quizzes to his astronomy students every Friday.
6. Mrs. Allen gives pop quizzes that could occur any day of the week.
7. Bob’s parents give him $10 for every A he gets on his report card.
8. You tell yourself that you can stop studying after you have read an entire chapter in your psychology textbook.
9. You tell yourself that you have to run on the treadmill until your favorite music CD ends.
10. Elaine keeps putting quarters in the slot machine, hoping to hit the jackpot.
Re: PSYCH WEEK 4
anonymous
April 10 2006, 10:29:28 UTC
ASSIGNMENT: Chapter 7 Discussion Questions
DUE DATE: by DAY 5
POINTS: 30
Read and respond to all 4 of these DQs. Put all of your answers into one file, and number them 1-4.
You will also need to reply to at least TWO of your classmates’ responses. Recall that you will have until the end of DAY 5 to post these replies.
Please submit your answers and your replies to the following discussion board forum:
Chapter 7 DQs
1. Which of the theories of intelligence described in the text best fits your personal idea of intelligence? Why?
2. Give three examples of how you might bring more creativity into your educational, personal, and/or work life.
3. Explain, using original examples, why it is important for any test to be
a) reliable
b) valid
c) standardized
d) culture-fair
4. Explain in your own words what the linguistic relativity hypothesis says. Provide support either for or against this hypothesis. Use a reliable website as a basis for your response, and include the URL at the end of your answer.
Do not use examples given in the text or lecture. Be original!
Please submit your answers to the following discussion board forum:
Thinking: Personal Examples
ASSIGNMENT: American Sign Language
DUE DATE: by DAY 7
POINTS: 15
For this assignment, you will need to consider American Sign Language (ASL) in light of what you have learned about language from the text and lecture. Do some Internet research and reading to support your answers to the following set of questions:
Define language, in your own words. Explain how both spoken English and ASL fit your definition of language. Identify and define in your own words the five components of language, and give examples of each one from both English and ASL (note: do phonemes exist in ASL?).
There is evidence that babies raised in a home where ASL is the primary means of communication “babble” in ASL, just as babies raised in a home where spoken English is used “babble.” Furthermore, there is evidence that spoken English and ASL depend on the same brain areas. What do these research findings suggest regarding the readiness of humans to acquire language in general vs. spoken English in particular?
Post your response, and the URLs of the websites you used, to the following discussion board forum:
DUE DATE: by DAY 4
POINTS: 40
This four-part assignment requires you to answer questions about classical conditioning and operant conditioning. The questions are given below. You are to record your answers on the answer sheet provided at the end of this document. You will need to copy and paste the answer sheet into one Word document on your computer. Then you will be able to fill in your answers (please do not copy the questions-just give answers), save the document, and send it to your student folder for grading. The answer key will be posted after everyone has submitted the assignment.
PART A: Classical or Operant Conditioning?
Each of the following scenarios represents classical conditioning or operant conditioning in action. Determine which one…
1. Your parents give you $20 for every A on your report card.
2. Tiffany, who was playing with her friend’s pet ferret, was very frightened when she heard a loud noise. Now whenever Tiffany sees a ferret, she begins to cry.
3. While on vacation, Jane got food poisoning from eating an undercooked chicken sandwich from a beachside food stand. Now Jane says she can’t eat chicken sandwiches.
4. Four-year-old Will is given a time out for putting his freshly-picked chicken pox scab on the wall of his preschool classroom.
5. Matthew’s parents tell him that he can’t get his driver’s license until long after his seventeenth birthday, because he got in bad trouble over the summer.
6. Peter gives his cats treats that he stores in a certain cabinet in the kitchen. Whenever the cats hear the cabinet open, they run to the kitchen.
7. Sarah puts her seatbelt on before she starts her car so that she doesn’t have to listen to the annoying “reminder” noise.
8. Janice got sick after a night of too many vodka and cranberry juice drinks. Now even thinking about vodka and cranberry makes her feel nauseous.
9. Mike wears his favorite blue shirt on his first date with Sylvia, because she smiled at him and gave him a compliment the last time her wore it.
10. Cindy won’t go into the ocean, because an approaching shark frightened her when she was swimming during a family vacation in Florida.
PART B: Classical Conditioning
In each of the following scenarios, identify the US, UR, CS and CR.
1. Pavlov’s dogs salivated when food powder was placed into their mouths. They did not salivate originally when they heard the sound of a metronome clicking. After repeated trials in which the metronome sound preceded the administration of food powder, the dogs began to salivate when they heard the metronome.
2. Watson and Rayner (1920) startled 11-month-old “Little Albert” with a loud noise produced by banging a steel bar with a hammer. Little Albert cried in fear every time the loud noise was made. He was not, however, afraid of the white rat they showed him. After a few trials in which they presented a white rat just before making the loud noise, Albert began to show fear of the rat.
3. When a newborn baby’s cheek is stroke, the baby turns its head in the direction of the stroke. A researcher pairs the smell of lemon with cheek stroking for a series of trials. Afterwards, the baby turns its head when it smells the scent of lemon.
4. When a rat receives a shock, it reacts in fear. If a poisonous snake is presented to the rat just before the shock on a number of trials, the rat will show a fear response to the snake.
Reply
6. Adrenaline injections can increase the activity of natural killer cells, an important part of the body’s immune system. In an attempt to boost their immune system functioning, patients were given a taste of a sweet sherbet before adrenaline injections. Upon later testing, the sweet sherbet itself elicited an increase in natural killer cell activity.
7. While out for a run one day, you are stung by a wasp. As a result of this experience, you develop a terrible fear of wasps.
8. Rachman & Hodgson (1968) took 7 male volunteers and presented them with conditioning trials in which a picture of black, knee-length boots was followed by a picture of a nude woman. After about 30 trials, the sight of the boots sexually aroused 5 of the males.
9. Alex, the main character in the film “A Clockwork Orange,” is aroused by violence. During a conditioning process, he is given a drug that makes him nauseous and made to view scenes of violence. Eventually, he avoids violence altogether.
10. Gulf War veterans exposed to toxic petroleum fumes showed symptoms related to an increase in interleukin-1, a small protein produced by the immune system during times of stress and illness. These symptoms include nausea, headaches, sleep problems, and rashes. One veteran reported the onset of the symptoms every time he smelled petroleum.
PART C: Operant Conditioning
In each of the following examples, identify the target behavior and decide which learning process is being used to increase or decrease that behavior: positive reinforcement (PR), negative reinforcement (NR), or punishment (P). The person whose behavior is being reinforced or punished is underlined to avoid ambiguity.
1. Clients who successfully complete a whole series of therapy sessions without reverting to their problem behavior receive a free relaxation tape of their choice.
2. I try to ask questions in class, but my instructor is very critical of me when I do.
3. Jane rolled her eyes and sighed at Meghan until she started paying better attention to passes directed at her in their soccer game.
4. Every time I buy a lottery ticket, I just lose money, so I stopped buying them.
5. Each time her client arrives for the appointment prepared to begin working immediately, the therapist begins the session with a fun activity.
Reply
7. Professor West deducts a point from his students’ grades for every class they miss.
8. To reduce his own anxiety, Sam has learned to study regularly before each quiz, resulting in better grades.
9. Mary and Austin are dating. Austin isn’t online to IM Mary when he said he would be. When he finally does send her a message, Mary doesn’t respond.
10. Jacob earns $20 from his dad for raking leaves and mowing the lawn.
PART D: Schedules of Reinforcement
Each of the following scenarios represents one of the four schedules of reinforcement we studied. Label each one either fixed interval (FI), fixed ratio (FR), variable interval (VI), or variable ratio (VR).
1. Sean gets paid $50 for every 10 raffle tickets he sells
2. June never knows when her boss might call her in for a meeting, so she always has to be prepared.
3. Ken pays his son a quarter for every 15 minutes he practices playing the piano.
4. Susan is a bartender in a sports bar downtown. Some nights she makes a lot of money in tips, and other nights she makes only a little, depending on whether the Red Wings win.
5. Mr. Romisch gives quizzes to his astronomy students every Friday.
6. Mrs. Allen gives pop quizzes that could occur any day of the week.
7. Bob’s parents give him $10 for every A he gets on his report card.
8. You tell yourself that you can stop studying after you have read an entire chapter in your psychology textbook.
9. You tell yourself that you have to run on the treadmill until your favorite music CD ends.
10. Elaine keeps putting quarters in the slot machine, hoping to hit the jackpot.
Answers to Learning Exercises
PART A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
PART B
1. US:
UR:
CS:
CR:
2. US:
UR:
CS:
CR:
3. US:
UR:
CS:
CR:
4. US:
UR:
CS:
CR:
5. US:
UR:
CS:
CR:
6. US:
UR:
CS:
CR:
7. US:
UR:
CS:
CR:
8. US:
UR:
CS:
CR:
9. US:
UR:
CS:
CR:
10. US:
UR:
CS:
CR:
PART C
1. target behavior:
learning process:
2. target behavior:
learning process:
3. target behavior:
learning process:
4. target behavior:
learning process:
5. target behavior:
learning process:
6. target behavior:
learning process:
7. target behavior:
learning process:
8. target behavior:
learning process:
9. target behavior:
learning process:
10. target behavior:
learning process:
PART D
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Reply
DUE DATE: by DAY 5
POINTS: 30
Read and respond to all 4 of these DQs. Put all of your answers into one file, and number them 1-4.
You will also need to reply to at least TWO of your classmates’ responses. Recall that you will have until the end of DAY 5 to post these replies.
Please submit your answers and your replies to the following discussion board forum:
Chapter 7 DQs
1. Which of the theories of intelligence described in the text best fits your personal idea of intelligence? Why?
2. Give three examples of how you might bring more creativity into your educational, personal, and/or work life.
3. Explain, using original examples, why it is important for any test to be
a) reliable
b) valid
c) standardized
d) culture-fair
4. Explain in your own words what the linguistic relativity hypothesis says. Provide support either for or against this hypothesis. Use a reliable website as a basis for your response, and include the URL at the end of your answer.
Reply
DUE DATE: by DAY 6
POINTS: 20
Provide a personal, real-life example of each of the following:
Formal concept
Natural concept
Functional fixedness
Algorithm
Heuristic
Insight
Intuition
Framing
Exemplar
Mental set
Do not use examples given in the text or lecture. Be original!
Please submit your answers to the following discussion board forum:
Thinking: Personal Examples
ASSIGNMENT: American Sign Language
DUE DATE: by DAY 7
POINTS: 15
For this assignment, you will need to consider American Sign Language (ASL) in light of what you have learned about language from the text and lecture. Do some Internet research and reading to support your answers to the following set of questions:
Define language, in your own words. Explain how both spoken English and ASL fit your definition of language. Identify and define in your own words the five components of language, and give examples of each one from both English and ASL (note: do phonemes exist in ASL?).
There is evidence that babies raised in a home where ASL is the primary means of communication “babble” in ASL, just as babies raised in a home where spoken English is used “babble.” Furthermore, there is evidence that spoken English and ASL depend on the same brain areas. What do these research findings suggest regarding the readiness of humans to acquire language in general vs. spoken English in particular?
Post your response, and the URLs of the websites you used, to the following discussion board forum:
American Sign Language
Reply
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