The world is on my shoulders....
1. Portugal
2. diseases, livestock, grains, citrus fruits
3. Brazil
4. mercantilism
5. Spanish , european culture
6. global as opposed to regional conduceted trading companies, lacked banking systems, could not support economic surge
7. cheap labor, dependent economies relied on cheap produciton of unprocessed goods, tendency to build a system of forced labor that would cost little even when the overall labor supply was precious.
8. East Bombay, British East India company.
9. Hispanola Cuba Jamaica, Puerto Rico.
10. 1763
11. Romanov
12. Aristocratic procedures, autocracy, bureocracy, military organization, political organization, eliminated noble councils. streamlined bureocracy and reorganized military
13. after Ivan IVs death when Michael Romanov gained power.
14. feudalism, disorganized, economically deteriorated, purely agricultural, trade and manufacturing was limited.
15. Moscow
16. St. Petersburg
17. forced boyars to cut off their beards and sleves, produced a navy,secret police, improved military and weaponry. system of government law codes, elimination of noble councils, specialized beauracracy.
18. Baltic
19. Catherine the Great
20. attacked ottomans and sweeds, started trade, factor in diplomatic and military alignments, moved capital.
21. peasants resented westernized heirs high expenses, french language dominated, elite wanted to keep traditions
22. Rome
23. 1649
24. heavily urban, peasants lived in small towns an d villages, patriarchal nation was heavily emphasized
25. She supported it and flirted with the ideas of a French Enlightenment
26. experience in Africa and their involvement in slave trade was extended in to the Americas
27. The west was more urbanized and industrialized while in Russia Serfdom in rural areas was predominant. While Serfs were diminishing in the rest of Europe, It flourished in Russia
28. hispaniola on the island of Santo Domingo
29. slaves
30. hernan cortes
31. Grants of Indian laborers made to Spanish conquerors and settlers in Mesoamerica and South America.
32. Spaniards
33. led by force and personal power, not paid or professional soldiers, payment varied depending on personal investment. Out for Gold, Glory, God.
34. disease
35. spanish warships called galleons
36. racial orientation and origin
37. Brazil
38. primarily Ag, commercial center in mining
39. rapid growth in population and productive capacity, Colonies in America were growing rapidly
40. Anatolia
41. Suleymaniye Mosque
42. Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman army.
43. Mehmed II, Ottoman ruler, restored acient glory. Converted cathedral Saint Sophia to grand Islamic mosque; palaces built; new mosques built; aqueducts supplied water; markets reopened, city's defenses repaired; schools; hospitals
44. grand vizier
45. Ottoman lasted well over 600 years A great feat.
46. Iran
47. The Ottomans became the champions of the Sunni majority of the Muslim faithful while the Safavids espoused the Shi'ite variance of Islam
48. Abbas the Great (Shah Abbas I)
49. Personally oversaw the building of military and administrative systems, patronized the arts, created universalistic religion "Din-i-Ilahi" which united Hindu and Muslim subjects with a common creed (both parties rejected it), extended empire into north and central India, abolished tax, Hindus had highest government rank, established living quarters for beggars and vagabonds, regulated alcohol consumption, improved the calendar. Was advanced in the treatment of women when many other empires were not (ex. prohibited sati, discouraged child marriage)
50. Europe brought goods to trade for fine cotton linens Mughal's produced which was in high demand
51. slaves
52. 12 million
53. Portugal
54. A system of fortified trading stations, combination of force and diplomacy, alliances with local ruler, and the predominance of commercial relations continued as principle patterns... fair trade with natives for free access goods
55. Brazil
56. trans-Saharan-concentrated on women, Atlantic-concentrated on men
57. Because slave mortality was high especially in plantations, and fertility low due to more men being deported than women.
58. Commerce linking Africa, New World colonies, and Europe; slaves carried to America for sugar and tobacco transported to Europe, European products sent back to Africa to complete the triangle.
59. 18th century
60. slave voyage from Africa to America; traumatic experience for blacks, but they didn’t lose their culture
61. Ormuz, Goa, Malacca
62. find quickest route to Asia (Vasco de Gama and his sailors had found a sea link between an expansive and insecure Europe and the powerful and wealthy civilizations of Asia during his 1498 expedition.)
63. precious metals, food, forest products,spices
64. No, Their success was limited becuase they did not have enough soldiers or ships to sustain the monopoly. They had originally intended to impose a licensing system backed by force through sea patrols in order to gain sizeable control over the Asian sea trading network, but this did not work out. Resistance of Asian rivals, poor military discipline, shipping losses, and corruption of crown officials took a toll on the Portuguese.
65. Dutch
66. superior ships and weaponry; no Asian people could muster fleets able to withstand the firepower of their squadrons. they attacked the trade centers in unison and by force. Element of surprise would keep the peaceful trading adversaries off balance. The Portuguese were united with wealth in mind, but the Asians had deep divisions that kept them from combining forces toward a common cause.
67. Manchus, lead to establishment of Qing dynasty
68. women deferring to men,ruled once again by scholar-gentry, improved in peasant conditions, but still bad, power grew between rural landlord families as many of them were exempted from land taxes and special privileges, students had respect for elders, women had to settle for whatever status and respect they could win within family ,youth deferring to elders , women deferring to men
69. trade with oversea civilizations, imports of Spanish and Portuguese life maize, sweet potato, and peanuts, received money from taxes in forms of bribery, handicrafts in high demand in Asia, Europe: silks, tea, fine ceramics, lacquerware, most merchant wealth invested in land as a means of social advancement
70. Christian missionaries were expelled and killed.Japanese converts were compelled to renounce their faith, but those who failed were killed. Religion uprisings occurred and Christianity was reduced to an underground religion. Foreign trade was confined to a handful of cities. Japanese ships were forbidden to trade/sail overseas. Western books banned to prevent Christian ideas from reentering. trade limited to one island. Christians banned and prosecuted. Neo Confucianism gave way to "National School of Learning"