Китай и вывоз капитала

[cosmicstarcat]

Вы наверное уже заметили что многие западные фирмы - хотели бы закрыть предприятия в китае и перенести их туда где цена на труд подешевле. Это так же многие экономисты это предрекали, но идет уже 2019й год и дело ясное, что мировым корпорациям кое что мешает в этом деле

Comments

[e2pii1]

уже не лидер:

2014/10/22/7031243/china-grip-rare-earth-metals-supply-weakening

China no longer has a stranglehold on the world's supply of rare earth metals

just two years later, prices were falling back down again. Doom had subsided.
what happened? Three big things

1) Other countries developed their own rare earth supplies:
despite their name, rare earth metals aren't actually that rare. At various points in the twentieth century,
Brazil, India, the United States and South Africa were all major producers.
It's just that, in the 1980s, China ramped up production massively, driving out competitors and cornering the market.
(China could do this, in part, by going easy on environmental oversight of mining, which can be a horrifically dirty process.)

When China decided to restrict exports in 2010, that drove prices up and suddenly made it profitable for other countries to start boosting their own production again.
In Mountain Pass, California, Molycorp reopened and expanded an old rare earth metals mine.
The Australian mining company Lynas opened up new processing facilities in Malaysia.
As a result, China's market share declined from 97% to 70% today.

2) Companies reduced their dependence:
many Japanese companies rushed to reduce their heavy reliance on rare earths.
Hitachi found a way to use less dysprosium in order to make a key magnet inside electric cars.
Panasonic developed a technique to recycle neodymium from old electronic appliances. And so on.

3) The export controls in China didn't work perfectly:
Some smaller Chinese producers found a way around the ban.
The end result? The rare earth shortage quickly resolved itself within a few years. broadly speaking, the adjustment was pretty painless.

In the end, China didn't get that much benefit from restricting rare earths - save for the release of a fishing captain who had been detained by Japan.
Japan has now adjusted and is less vulnerable to trade pressure over rare earths than once believed.

Back in 2010, many members of Congress were sounding the alarm and pushing to pass new measures to subsidize US rare-earth production.
But this turned out to be unnecessary. The market adjusted relatively quickly.
(Gholz does, however, praise the Department of Energy's 2011 spending on R&D to reduce reliance on rare earths - the sort of long-term investment that makes more sense than short-term subsidies.)