This is my favorite word in Latin
Warning: Highly geeky and long syntactic explanations from the lexicon that most everyone will just skip right by. :P
And that's ok; this is here for me.
:)
rēs , rei (rēi with e long;
I. gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918; and in the middle of the verse, id. 4, 885 , and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also logos, Lid. and Scott, 9] , a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).
I. In gen.: unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi, Lucr. 1, 383 ; cf. id. 1, 536: in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur, id. 2, 826 : summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.): versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor, Lucr. 1, 25 ; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54: rerum natura creatrix, id. 2, 1117 : divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus): haeret haec res, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182 : profecto, ut loquor, ita res est, id. ib. 2, 1, 19 : haud mentior, resque uti facta dico, id. ib. 2, 1, 23 : de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius, id. ib. prol. 110: in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā), Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.: quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis, from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740 ; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17: si res postulabit, the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44 : scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3: fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat, does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84 ; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.--
B. With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.: illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit, is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171 ; so, res mala, a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13 ; and more freq. in plur.: bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas, circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45 ; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12: res secundae, good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30 ; cf. Liv. 3, 9: res prosperae, Nep. Dion, 6, 1 ; id. Eum. 5, 1: in secundissimis rebus, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91 : adversae res, id. ib. 1, 26, 90 ; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73: res belli adversae, Liv. 10, 6 : res dubiae, Sall. C. 10, 2 ; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30; v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.-- Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem, go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37 ; id. And. 2, 1, 17: malam rem hinc ibis? id. Eun. 3, 3, 30 .--
C. With an adj. in a periphrasis: abhorrens ab re uxoriā, matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10 : in arbitrio rei uxoriae, dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61 : rem divinam nisi compitalibus ... ne faciat, a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4 : bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt, Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76 ; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6: erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica, Cic. Quint. 3, 12 : res rustica, agriculture: rei rusticae libro primo, Col. 11, 1, 2 ; id. 1, praef. § 19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi, Cic. Sen. 15, 54 : navalis rei certamina, naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5 : res militaris, Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2 : rei militaris gloria, id. Mur. 9, 22 ; Nep. Milt. 8, 4: res frumentaria, forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16 ; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7: armatae rei scientissimus, Amm. 25, 4, 7 : peritus aquariae rei, id. 28, 2, 2 : res judicaria, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31 : res ludicra, play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180 : uti rebus veneriis, Cic. Sen. 14, 47 ; Nep. Alc. 11, 4: res Veneris, Lucr. 2, 173 ; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra. --
D. With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.: ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit, this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16 ; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam: Ea res est, it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40 : de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei, of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5 : quos (melittônas) alii melittotropheia appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12: sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13 ; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4: quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13 : quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem, every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30 : nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito, nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96 ; cf.: neque est ulla res, in quā, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12 ; 1, 5, 9; cf. also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit, id. Fam. 16, 4, 2 : magna res principio statim bello, a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin. : nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc., the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. -- Emphatically with sup.: scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma, the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534 ; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. -- Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17 : maxime rerum, Ov. H. 9, 107 ; cf.: maxima rerum Roma, Verg. A. 7, 602 ; Ov. M. 13, 508: fortissima rerum animalia, id. ib. 12, 502 : pulcherrime rerum, id. H. 4, 125 ; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49: dulcissime rerum, Hor. S. 1, 9, 4 .--
E. In adverb. phrases: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8 : pro re natā, according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2 ; 14, 6, 1: pro tempore et pro re, Caes. B. G. 5, 8 : factis benignus pro re, according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3 ; Sall. J. 50, 2: pro re pauca loquar, Verg. A. 4, 337 ; Lucr. 6, 1280: ex re et ex tempore, Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3 : e re respondi, Cat. 10, 8 .
II. In partic.
A. Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing: ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10 : desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc., id. Rud. 3, 3, 21 : rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31: rem fabulari, Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87 : nihil est aliud in re, in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.: se ipsa res aperit, Nep. Paus. 3, 7 : ex re decerpere fructus, Hor. S. 1, 2, 79 ; opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba, Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32 ; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5: non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus, Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1 : qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt, id. N. D. 3, 21, 53 : Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes, id. Ac. 2, 5, 15 : quod nos honestum, illi vanum ... verbis quam re probabilius vocant, Quint. 3, 8, 22 ; Sen. Ep. 120, 9: eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri, id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123 ; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15: vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate, Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44 . -- Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality: haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur, Cic. Quint. 17, 56 ; so, re quidem verā, id. Clu. 19, 54 ; id. Sest. 7, 15: re autem verā, id. Fam. 1, 4, 2 ; and simply re verā, id. Quint. 2, 7 ; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7: re verāque, Lucr. 2, 48 ; cf.: et re verā, indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1 ; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.--
B. Effects, substance, property, possessions: mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26 ; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit ... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.: quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27 : rem talentum decem, id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46 ; Juv. 3, 16: avidior ad rem, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51 : rem facere, to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12 : res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit, id. Cat. 2, 5 , [p. 1576] 10: qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset, id. Rab. Post. 14, 38 : libertino natum patre et in tenui re, in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.-- In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.): privatae res, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5 .--
2. Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.): res corporales, Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq. ; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1: res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium, Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1: res sanctae, Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10 ; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.--
C. Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal: res magis quaeritur, quam, etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6 : melius illi consulas quam rei tuae, id. Cist. 1, 1, 98 : haec tuā re feceris, to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46 .-- Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.: quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua, is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago): si in rem tuam esse videatur, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2 : vide si hoc in rem deputas, id. ib. 3, 3, 19 : quod in rem recte conducat tuam, id. Capt. 2, 3, 26 : si in remst utrique, Ter. And. 3, 3, 14 : quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc., useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1 : tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare, Sall. C. 20, 1 : omnia quae in rem videbantur esse, Curt. 6, 2, 21 : ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant, Liv. 30, 4, 6 : imperat quae in rem sunt, id. 26, 44, 7 ; 22, 3, 2: ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar, for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102 : An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.: haud id est ab re aucupis, id. As. 1, 3, 71 : haec haud ab re duxi referre, Liv. 8, 11, 1 : non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc., id. 35, 32, 6 ; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.--
D. Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account: eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias, Cato, R. R. 158, 2 : hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc., Lucr. 1, 172 ; cf.: illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111 : patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39 ; cf.: quoi rei? for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43 ; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.--Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.--
E. An affair, matter of business, business: cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā, Cic. Quint. 4, 15 : rem cum aliquo transigere, id. Clu. 13, 39 . -- Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo, to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84 ; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.: famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.-- Also without a dat.: quoniam cum senatore res est, Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3 ; esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā, to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35 ; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. --Ellipt.: jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15 . --
F. A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa): ubi res prolatae sunt, Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10 : res agi, id. Men. 4, 2, 19 ; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13: quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis, Varr. L. L. 7, § 93 ; cf. (prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines ... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum ... rem an litem dici oporteret, Cic. Mur. 12, 27 ; cf. also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula, Liv. 1, 32 : de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118 : pecunias capere ob rem judicandam, id. Fin. 2, 16, 54 : si res certabitur olim, Hor. S. 2, 5, 27 ; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43: tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat, Dig. 3, 3, 12 : rem differre, ib. 43, 30, 3 : res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.--
G. An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere: res gesta virtute, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66 : ut res gesta est ordine narrare, Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3 : his rebus gestis, Caes. B. G. 5, 8 : res gerere, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33 : rem bene gerere, id. ib. 1, 8, 1 ; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13: comminus rem gerunt, Caes. B. G. 5, 44 : res gestae, Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7 ; 2, 1, 251: adversus duos simul rem gerere, Liv. 21, 60 : rem male gerere, Nep. Them. 3, 3 ; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74: in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum, Just. 2, 1, 1 ; cf.: rem agere, Hor. S. 1, 9, 4 ; id. A. P. 82: ante rem, before the battle, Liv. 4, 40 : cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant, Nep. Pel. 1, 3 ; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.--
H. Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history: res in unam sententiam scripta, Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20 : cui lecta potenter erit res, Hor. A. P. 40 ; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29: in medias res auditorem rapere, id. A. P. 148 ; 310: agitur res in scaenis, id. ib. 179 ; cf.: numeros animosque secutus, non res, id. Ep. 1, 19, 25 ; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12: sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus, Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199 : litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus, Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1 : res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae, history, Nep. Con. 5, 4 ; id. Cat. 3, 2.--
K. Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.: erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3 : dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur, id. Cat. 1, 9 ; cf.: si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā, id. Fam. 4, 9, 4 : egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere, id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45: quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent, Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155 : commutata ratio est rei totius publicae, id. Att. 1, 8, 4 : pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.: merere de republicā, Plaut. Am. prol. 40 : de re publicā disputatio . . . dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12 : oppugnare rem publicam, id. Cael. 1, 1 ; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52: paene victā re publicā, id. Fam. 12, 13, 1 : delere rem publicam, id. Sest. 15, 33 ; Lact. 6, 18, 28.--Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit: senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis, Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30 : ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi, id. Fam. 13, 8, 2 ; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init.--Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1; but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse, Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38 ; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.-- In plur.: eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum, Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44 : circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum, id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.--
2. Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.): hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet, Verg. A. 6, 858 ; cf.: nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse, Liv. 21, 16 ; 1, 28: parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt, id. 6, 41 fin. : Romana, Hor. C. S. 66 ; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.: ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti, Liv. 1, 28 fin. : Albana, id. 1, 6 .-- In plur.: res Asiae evertere, Verg. A. 3, 1 : custode rerum Caesare, Hor. C. 4, 15, 17 ; cf.: res sine discordiā translatae, Tac. H. 1, 29 ; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior. --
L. Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus.
And oh! To decline it... :D :D
rēs rēs
reī rērum
reī rēbus
rem rēs
rē rēbus
I am missing my Latin. Months until another Latin class.
And that's ok; this is here for me.
:)
rēs , rei (rēi with e long;
I. gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918; and in the middle of the verse, id. 4, 885 , and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also logos, Lid. and Scott, 9] , a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).
I. In gen.: unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi, Lucr. 1, 383 ; cf. id. 1, 536: in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur, id. 2, 826 : summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.): versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor, Lucr. 1, 25 ; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54: rerum natura creatrix, id. 2, 1117 : divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus): haeret haec res, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182 : profecto, ut loquor, ita res est, id. ib. 2, 1, 19 : haud mentior, resque uti facta dico, id. ib. 2, 1, 23 : de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius, id. ib. prol. 110: in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā), Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.: quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis, from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740 ; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17: si res postulabit, the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44 : scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3: fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat, does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84 ; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.--
B. With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.: illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit, is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171 ; so, res mala, a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13 ; and more freq. in plur.: bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas, circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45 ; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12: res secundae, good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30 ; cf. Liv. 3, 9: res prosperae, Nep. Dion, 6, 1 ; id. Eum. 5, 1: in secundissimis rebus, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91 : adversae res, id. ib. 1, 26, 90 ; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73: res belli adversae, Liv. 10, 6 : res dubiae, Sall. C. 10, 2 ; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30; v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.-- Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem, go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37 ; id. And. 2, 1, 17: malam rem hinc ibis? id. Eun. 3, 3, 30 .--
C. With an adj. in a periphrasis: abhorrens ab re uxoriā, matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10 : in arbitrio rei uxoriae, dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61 : rem divinam nisi compitalibus ... ne faciat, a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4 : bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt, Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76 ; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6: erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica, Cic. Quint. 3, 12 : res rustica, agriculture: rei rusticae libro primo, Col. 11, 1, 2 ; id. 1, praef. § 19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi, Cic. Sen. 15, 54 : navalis rei certamina, naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5 : res militaris, Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2 : rei militaris gloria, id. Mur. 9, 22 ; Nep. Milt. 8, 4: res frumentaria, forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16 ; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7: armatae rei scientissimus, Amm. 25, 4, 7 : peritus aquariae rei, id. 28, 2, 2 : res judicaria, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31 : res ludicra, play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180 : uti rebus veneriis, Cic. Sen. 14, 47 ; Nep. Alc. 11, 4: res Veneris, Lucr. 2, 173 ; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra. --
D. With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.: ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit, this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16 ; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam: Ea res est, it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40 : de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei, of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5 : quos (melittônas) alii melittotropheia appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12: sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13 ; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4: quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13 : quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem, every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30 : nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito, nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96 ; cf.: neque est ulla res, in quā, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12 ; 1, 5, 9; cf. also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit, id. Fam. 16, 4, 2 : magna res principio statim bello, a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin. : nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc., the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. -- Emphatically with sup.: scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma, the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534 ; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. -- Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17 : maxime rerum, Ov. H. 9, 107 ; cf.: maxima rerum Roma, Verg. A. 7, 602 ; Ov. M. 13, 508: fortissima rerum animalia, id. ib. 12, 502 : pulcherrime rerum, id. H. 4, 125 ; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49: dulcissime rerum, Hor. S. 1, 9, 4 .--
E. In adverb. phrases: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8 : pro re natā, according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2 ; 14, 6, 1: pro tempore et pro re, Caes. B. G. 5, 8 : factis benignus pro re, according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3 ; Sall. J. 50, 2: pro re pauca loquar, Verg. A. 4, 337 ; Lucr. 6, 1280: ex re et ex tempore, Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3 : e re respondi, Cat. 10, 8 .
II. In partic.
A. Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing: ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10 : desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc., id. Rud. 3, 3, 21 : rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31: rem fabulari, Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87 : nihil est aliud in re, in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.: se ipsa res aperit, Nep. Paus. 3, 7 : ex re decerpere fructus, Hor. S. 1, 2, 79 ; opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba, Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32 ; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5: non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus, Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1 : qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt, id. N. D. 3, 21, 53 : Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes, id. Ac. 2, 5, 15 : quod nos honestum, illi vanum ... verbis quam re probabilius vocant, Quint. 3, 8, 22 ; Sen. Ep. 120, 9: eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri, id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123 ; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15: vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate, Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44 . -- Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality: haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur, Cic. Quint. 17, 56 ; so, re quidem verā, id. Clu. 19, 54 ; id. Sest. 7, 15: re autem verā, id. Fam. 1, 4, 2 ; and simply re verā, id. Quint. 2, 7 ; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7: re verāque, Lucr. 2, 48 ; cf.: et re verā, indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1 ; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.--
B. Effects, substance, property, possessions: mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26 ; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit ... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.: quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27 : rem talentum decem, id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46 ; Juv. 3, 16: avidior ad rem, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51 : rem facere, to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12 : res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit, id. Cat. 2, 5 , [p. 1576] 10: qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset, id. Rab. Post. 14, 38 : libertino natum patre et in tenui re, in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.-- In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.): privatae res, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5 .--
2. Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.): res corporales, Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq. ; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1: res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium, Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1: res sanctae, Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10 ; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.--
C. Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal: res magis quaeritur, quam, etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6 : melius illi consulas quam rei tuae, id. Cist. 1, 1, 98 : haec tuā re feceris, to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46 .-- Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.: quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua, is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago): si in rem tuam esse videatur, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2 : vide si hoc in rem deputas, id. ib. 3, 3, 19 : quod in rem recte conducat tuam, id. Capt. 2, 3, 26 : si in remst utrique, Ter. And. 3, 3, 14 : quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc., useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1 : tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare, Sall. C. 20, 1 : omnia quae in rem videbantur esse, Curt. 6, 2, 21 : ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant, Liv. 30, 4, 6 : imperat quae in rem sunt, id. 26, 44, 7 ; 22, 3, 2: ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar, for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102 : An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.: haud id est ab re aucupis, id. As. 1, 3, 71 : haec haud ab re duxi referre, Liv. 8, 11, 1 : non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc., id. 35, 32, 6 ; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.--
D. Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account: eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias, Cato, R. R. 158, 2 : hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc., Lucr. 1, 172 ; cf.: illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111 : patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39 ; cf.: quoi rei? for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43 ; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.--Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.--
E. An affair, matter of business, business: cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā, Cic. Quint. 4, 15 : rem cum aliquo transigere, id. Clu. 13, 39 . -- Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo, to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84 ; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.: famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.-- Also without a dat.: quoniam cum senatore res est, Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3 ; esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā, to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35 ; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. --Ellipt.: jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15 . --
F. A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa): ubi res prolatae sunt, Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10 : res agi, id. Men. 4, 2, 19 ; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13: quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis, Varr. L. L. 7, § 93 ; cf. (prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines ... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum ... rem an litem dici oporteret, Cic. Mur. 12, 27 ; cf. also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula, Liv. 1, 32 : de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118 : pecunias capere ob rem judicandam, id. Fin. 2, 16, 54 : si res certabitur olim, Hor. S. 2, 5, 27 ; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43: tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat, Dig. 3, 3, 12 : rem differre, ib. 43, 30, 3 : res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.--
G. An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere: res gesta virtute, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66 : ut res gesta est ordine narrare, Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3 : his rebus gestis, Caes. B. G. 5, 8 : res gerere, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33 : rem bene gerere, id. ib. 1, 8, 1 ; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13: comminus rem gerunt, Caes. B. G. 5, 44 : res gestae, Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7 ; 2, 1, 251: adversus duos simul rem gerere, Liv. 21, 60 : rem male gerere, Nep. Them. 3, 3 ; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74: in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum, Just. 2, 1, 1 ; cf.: rem agere, Hor. S. 1, 9, 4 ; id. A. P. 82: ante rem, before the battle, Liv. 4, 40 : cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant, Nep. Pel. 1, 3 ; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.--
H. Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history: res in unam sententiam scripta, Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20 : cui lecta potenter erit res, Hor. A. P. 40 ; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29: in medias res auditorem rapere, id. A. P. 148 ; 310: agitur res in scaenis, id. ib. 179 ; cf.: numeros animosque secutus, non res, id. Ep. 1, 19, 25 ; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12: sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus, Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199 : litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus, Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1 : res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae, history, Nep. Con. 5, 4 ; id. Cat. 3, 2.--
K. Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.: erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3 : dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur, id. Cat. 1, 9 ; cf.: si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā, id. Fam. 4, 9, 4 : egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere, id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45: quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent, Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155 : commutata ratio est rei totius publicae, id. Att. 1, 8, 4 : pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.: merere de republicā, Plaut. Am. prol. 40 : de re publicā disputatio . . . dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12 : oppugnare rem publicam, id. Cael. 1, 1 ; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52: paene victā re publicā, id. Fam. 12, 13, 1 : delere rem publicam, id. Sest. 15, 33 ; Lact. 6, 18, 28.--Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit: senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis, Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30 : ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi, id. Fam. 13, 8, 2 ; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init.--Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1; but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse, Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38 ; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.-- In plur.: eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum, Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44 : circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum, id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.--
2. Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.): hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet, Verg. A. 6, 858 ; cf.: nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse, Liv. 21, 16 ; 1, 28: parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt, id. 6, 41 fin. : Romana, Hor. C. S. 66 ; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.: ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti, Liv. 1, 28 fin. : Albana, id. 1, 6 .-- In plur.: res Asiae evertere, Verg. A. 3, 1 : custode rerum Caesare, Hor. C. 4, 15, 17 ; cf.: res sine discordiā translatae, Tac. H. 1, 29 ; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior. --
L. Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus.
And oh! To decline it... :D :D
rēs rēs
reī rērum
reī rēbus
rem rēs
rē rēbus
I am missing my Latin. Months until another Latin class.