О "Сланцевом чуде" США
О "Сланцевом чуде" США
http://wolfstreet.com/2014/07/30/how-fracking-is-blowing-up-balance-sheets-of-oil-and-gas-companies/
[на англ оригинал. Статья от июля]Where Money Goes to Die: How Fracking Blows Up Balance Sheets of Oil and Gas Companies
Fracking has caused an uproar in local communities and split some in two. It has brought environmentalists to a boil. It allegedly caused tap water to go up in flames. A documentary was made in its honor. It caused earthquakes in Oklahoma and other places. It caused Wall Street to froth at the mouth. And now it is causing the balance sheets of oil and gas companies to blow up.
It always starts with a toxic mix. Now even the Energy Department’s EIA has checked into it and after crunching some numbers found:
Based on data compiled from quarterly reports, for the year ending March 31, 2014, cash from operations for 127 major oil and natural gas companies totaled $568 billion, and major uses of cash totaled $677 billion, a difference of almost $110 billion.
To fill this $110 billion hole that they’d dug in just one year, these 127 oil and gas companies went out and increased their net debt by $106 billion. But that wasn’t enough. To raise more cash, they also sold $73 billion in assets. It left them with more cash (borrowed cash, that is) on the balance sheet than before, which pleased analysts, and it left them with a pile of additional debt and fewer assets to generate revenues with in order to service this debt.
It has been going on for years. In 2010, the hole left behind by fracking was only $18 billion. During each of the last three years, the gap was over $100 billion. This is the chart of an industry with apparently steep and permanent negative free cash-flows:
http://wolfstreet.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/US-oil-gas-drillers-cashflows_2010-2014.png
And those shortages in each year forced the companies to raise more debt and sell assets to fund more drilling, other capital expenditures, operational costs, dividends, and stock buybacks.
Of the three sources of cash - operations, net increase in debt, and asset sales - during the first quarters going back six years, net increases in debt accounted for over 20% of the incoming cash since 2012. For instance, In 2013, cash from operations supplied only 60% of the cash needs; most of the rest was borrowed, and some was covered by asset sales:
http://wolfstreet.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/US-oil-gas-drillers-sources-of-cash.png
The EIA was quick to minimize the issue, claiming that this debt that has been spiraling out of control wasn’t “necessarily a negative indicator.” That low interest rates allowed companies to get fresh debt capital to cover their operational cash shortages. And that piling on debt “to fuel growth is a typical strategy, particularly among smaller producers.” And besides, this ballooning debt would be “met with increased production, generating more revenue to service future debt payments.”
This is where debt smacks into fracking. Fracked wells have nasty decline rates. They differ from well to well, with some estimates pegging the average declines at 50% to 78% by the end of the first year. After a few years, production might be down to less than 10% of production in the first year. In other words, the cash that has been drilled into ground has to be earned back within a terribly short time and has to be used to pay off the debt incurred in drilling the well. If not, the debt is left over, when the well is producing just a trickle.
This is exactly what is happening. It’s a horrendous treadmill. Just to maintain production, companies have to drill more and more and incur more and more debt, even as revenues are disappointing. In addition, drillers with heavy reliance on natural gas have faced prices for dry gas that have been so low for years that most wells will never generate enough cash to cover the costs of production. And much of the capital that went into them has been destroyed.
A Bloomberg analysis of 61 companies drilling for shale oil and gas found that debt among them nearly doubled over the past four years, while revenues inched up only 5.6%. And interest payments on that ballooning debt is taking up an ever larger portion of the revenues - even at today’s record low interest rates - with 12 of the companies already paying over 10% of their revenues in interest.
The financial hype around fracking, the limitless, nearly free liquidity provided by the Fed since late 2008, and investors so desperate for yield that they’re willing to incur just about any risks in their vain battle to come out ahead have had Wall Street frothing at the mouth. The sweeps of creative destruction have broken down. Instead, the boundless stream of money has been searching for a place to go, and it went to an economic activity - fracking - where money goes to die. What’s left is debt, and wells, especially gas wells, that will never produce enough to pay off the debt that was incurred to drill them.
These binges can go on for a long time, for far longer than a sane person in normal times would think possible. But with revenues barely growing, cash flows from operations stagnant, and debt levels that are soaring, at some point, something has to give.
Fracking isn’t the only place where the Fed’s policies created havoc: homeownership hit the skids when homes became a highly leveraged asset class, flipped and laddered by speculators, rather than lived in by normal folks. Read…. Here’s the Chart that Shows Why the Housing Market Is Sick
Кратко содержание:
Все нефтяные и газовые компании получили в 2013 суммарную выручку в $568 ярдов резаной, а суммарные затраты - $677 ярдов, то есть лишь за один год разрыв составил - $110 ярдов, и совокупный долг их за год увеличился на $106 ярдов. Для сравнения - в 2010, разрыв был лишь $18 ярдов, но каждый год после 2010 он превышал сотку:
Каждый год они покрывают разрыв новыми займами и продажами активов. С 2012 прирост долга составлял свыше 20% наличности, имеющейся в распоряжении компаний, а реальная деятельность в 2013 обеспечила лишь 60% потребности в наличности!
И это в нефтегазовом секторе в целом, а если смотреть на компании, специализированные на сланцевой нефти и газе, то их совокупный долг почти удвоился за 4 года, притом что выручка выросла лишь на жалкие 5.6%. 12 компаний лишь на проценты по долгам отдают свыше 10% всей своей выручки!
комментарий не мой:
Статья от июля. А сейчас, когда нефть упала в полтора раза в цене, нефтяным компаниям США вообще не позавидуешь. Так что масштаб сланцевой аферы в энергетической сфере США еще предстоит осознать, это точно не энергетическая независимость, как твердят СМИ. Сложно представить, что дальше будет происходить в США в энергосфере - экология и сельское хозяйство убиты фрекингом, много денег и времени убито на сланцевую аферу.
http://wolfstreet.com/2014/07/30/how-fracking-is-blowing-up-balance-sheets-of-oil-and-gas-companies/
[на англ оригинал. Статья от июля]Where Money Goes to Die: How Fracking Blows Up Balance Sheets of Oil and Gas Companies
Fracking has caused an uproar in local communities and split some in two. It has brought environmentalists to a boil. It allegedly caused tap water to go up in flames. A documentary was made in its honor. It caused earthquakes in Oklahoma and other places. It caused Wall Street to froth at the mouth. And now it is causing the balance sheets of oil and gas companies to blow up.
It always starts with a toxic mix. Now even the Energy Department’s EIA has checked into it and after crunching some numbers found:
Based on data compiled from quarterly reports, for the year ending March 31, 2014, cash from operations for 127 major oil and natural gas companies totaled $568 billion, and major uses of cash totaled $677 billion, a difference of almost $110 billion.
To fill this $110 billion hole that they’d dug in just one year, these 127 oil and gas companies went out and increased their net debt by $106 billion. But that wasn’t enough. To raise more cash, they also sold $73 billion in assets. It left them with more cash (borrowed cash, that is) on the balance sheet than before, which pleased analysts, and it left them with a pile of additional debt and fewer assets to generate revenues with in order to service this debt.
It has been going on for years. In 2010, the hole left behind by fracking was only $18 billion. During each of the last three years, the gap was over $100 billion. This is the chart of an industry with apparently steep and permanent negative free cash-flows:
http://wolfstreet.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/US-oil-gas-drillers-cashflows_2010-2014.png
And those shortages in each year forced the companies to raise more debt and sell assets to fund more drilling, other capital expenditures, operational costs, dividends, and stock buybacks.
Of the three sources of cash - operations, net increase in debt, and asset sales - during the first quarters going back six years, net increases in debt accounted for over 20% of the incoming cash since 2012. For instance, In 2013, cash from operations supplied only 60% of the cash needs; most of the rest was borrowed, and some was covered by asset sales:
http://wolfstreet.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/US-oil-gas-drillers-sources-of-cash.png
The EIA was quick to minimize the issue, claiming that this debt that has been spiraling out of control wasn’t “necessarily a negative indicator.” That low interest rates allowed companies to get fresh debt capital to cover their operational cash shortages. And that piling on debt “to fuel growth is a typical strategy, particularly among smaller producers.” And besides, this ballooning debt would be “met with increased production, generating more revenue to service future debt payments.”
This is where debt smacks into fracking. Fracked wells have nasty decline rates. They differ from well to well, with some estimates pegging the average declines at 50% to 78% by the end of the first year. After a few years, production might be down to less than 10% of production in the first year. In other words, the cash that has been drilled into ground has to be earned back within a terribly short time and has to be used to pay off the debt incurred in drilling the well. If not, the debt is left over, when the well is producing just a trickle.
This is exactly what is happening. It’s a horrendous treadmill. Just to maintain production, companies have to drill more and more and incur more and more debt, even as revenues are disappointing. In addition, drillers with heavy reliance on natural gas have faced prices for dry gas that have been so low for years that most wells will never generate enough cash to cover the costs of production. And much of the capital that went into them has been destroyed.
A Bloomberg analysis of 61 companies drilling for shale oil and gas found that debt among them nearly doubled over the past four years, while revenues inched up only 5.6%. And interest payments on that ballooning debt is taking up an ever larger portion of the revenues - even at today’s record low interest rates - with 12 of the companies already paying over 10% of their revenues in interest.
The financial hype around fracking, the limitless, nearly free liquidity provided by the Fed since late 2008, and investors so desperate for yield that they’re willing to incur just about any risks in their vain battle to come out ahead have had Wall Street frothing at the mouth. The sweeps of creative destruction have broken down. Instead, the boundless stream of money has been searching for a place to go, and it went to an economic activity - fracking - where money goes to die. What’s left is debt, and wells, especially gas wells, that will never produce enough to pay off the debt that was incurred to drill them.
These binges can go on for a long time, for far longer than a sane person in normal times would think possible. But with revenues barely growing, cash flows from operations stagnant, and debt levels that are soaring, at some point, something has to give.
Fracking isn’t the only place where the Fed’s policies created havoc: homeownership hit the skids when homes became a highly leveraged asset class, flipped and laddered by speculators, rather than lived in by normal folks. Read…. Here’s the Chart that Shows Why the Housing Market Is Sick
Кратко содержание:
Все нефтяные и газовые компании получили в 2013 суммарную выручку в $568 ярдов резаной, а суммарные затраты - $677 ярдов, то есть лишь за один год разрыв составил - $110 ярдов, и совокупный долг их за год увеличился на $106 ярдов. Для сравнения - в 2010, разрыв был лишь $18 ярдов, но каждый год после 2010 он превышал сотку:
Каждый год они покрывают разрыв новыми займами и продажами активов. С 2012 прирост долга составлял свыше 20% наличности, имеющейся в распоряжении компаний, а реальная деятельность в 2013 обеспечила лишь 60% потребности в наличности!
И это в нефтегазовом секторе в целом, а если смотреть на компании, специализированные на сланцевой нефти и газе, то их совокупный долг почти удвоился за 4 года, притом что выручка выросла лишь на жалкие 5.6%. 12 компаний лишь на проценты по долгам отдают свыше 10% всей своей выручки!
комментарий не мой:
Статья от июля. А сейчас, когда нефть упала в полтора раза в цене, нефтяным компаниям США вообще не позавидуешь. Так что масштаб сланцевой аферы в энергетической сфере США еще предстоит осознать, это точно не энергетическая независимость, как твердят СМИ. Сложно представить, что дальше будет происходить в США в энергосфере - экология и сельское хозяйство убиты фрекингом, много денег и времени убито на сланцевую аферу.