History
TIMELINE SOURCES. I'M SAVED.
This page is getting a major overhaul once I finish reading my history book.
Timeline | Bosses
GRECO-ROMAN EGYPT
332-323 BC: Alexander the Great defeats the Persians and brings Egypt into his empire.
323-30 BC: Alexander's general Ptolemy founds the dynasty of Greek Ptolemaic rulers who adopt Egyptian religion, architecture and clothing. They turn their new capital Alexandria into the greatest city in the world and maintain independence until their last ruler, Cleopatra VII, marries the roman ruler Julius Caesar and, on his death, Marc Antony.
30 BC-640 AD: Rome rules Egypt and continues the tradition of adopting Egyptian religion and other traditions. In 323 AD Christianity becomes the empire's official religion, and in 394 AD the last hieroglyphs are carved at the temple of Philae, bringing ancient Egyptian culture to an end as a living force.
ISLAMIC EGYPT
642: Arab conquest of Egypt.
1100s: Christian Crusaders from Europe invade Egypt.
1168: The Fatimid ruler receives help from Saladin who forces the Crusaders out of Egypt.
1171: Saladin overthrows the Fatimid ruler and becomes the sultan of Egypt, forming the Ayyubid dynasty.
1250: The Mamelukes seized control of Egypt and Saladin, the Mameluke general, became sultan.
1517: Egypt is absorbed into the Turkish Ottoman Empire.
1798: Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the remaining Mamluks and brings large numbers of scholars and artists to study Egypt's history, flora and fauna, beginning the European fascination with Egypt.
1801: The French were forced out of Egypt by the Ottomans, with the help of the British.
1801: Britain allies itself with Turkey and drives the French out.
MODERN EGYPT
1806: Mohammed Ali, an Albanian lieutenant with the Turkish army, gains control.
1859: The construction of the Suez Canal began.
1869: The Suez Canal opened and the British bought the Egyptian shares.
1882: The British occupy Egypt in order to gain control of the canal, while leaving the heirs of Mohammed Ali in nominal control of the country.
1914-1918: World War I
1914: Egypt becomes a British protectorate.
1922: Egypt is granted its independence and an Egyptian constitutional monarchy is established.
1939-1945: World War II
1940: Italian and German troops invade Egypt to try and capture the Suez Canal.
1942: The Allies halt the German advance in the Battle of El Alamein.
1945: Egypt formed the Arab League with other Arab nations.
1947: The United Nations vote to divide Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state.
1948: Israel was formed which prompted Egypt and other Arab nations to go to war.
1950s: Egypt supported the Palestinian Arabs to regain control of Palestine from the Israelis
1952: The Egyptians revolt against the British and force them out. Colonel Nasser becomes president, nationalizes land and property through Egypt and attempts to unite the Arab world.
1953, June 18: Egypt was declared a republic.
1956, October: Israel invaded Egypt and occupied the Sinai Peninsula.
1958: Syria and Egypt formed a political union called the United Arab Republic.
1961: Syria withdrew from the U.A.R.
1967, June: The Six Day War
1970: The Aswan High Dam is completed, and with it came the end of the Nile's annual flooding cycle. The dam regulates river flooding, stores water for agriculture, and generates electricity. Without the natural nutrients provided by yearly silt deposits, farmers have had to rely more on artificial fertilizers, resulting in an increase in chemical pollution (among other problems).
1971: Sadat changed the official name of the country to the Arab Republic of Egypt.
1978: The Camp David Accords and Sadat meets with Israeli Prime Minster Menachem Begin in the USA. The agreement guaranteed the return of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt.
1979: Egypt is removed from the Arab League, Other Arab nations felt the Sadat had given up too much in the agreements with Israel.
1997: Luxor Massacre at the Temple of Hatshepsut instigated by anti-government Islamist terrorists. Tourists were systematically shot, then chopped to pieces, killing a total of 59. Terrorism had been a severe problem during the 1990s. The Egyptian tourist industry suffered a major blow from the incident and sunk even lower after future attacks (such as 9/11 in America).
BOSSES
Muhammad Naguib (1953-1954)
Gamal Abdel Nasser (1956-1970)
Muhammad Anwar El Sadat (1970-1981)
Muhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak (1981-present)
Online Sources: 01, 02, 03, 04, 05
Print Sources: A History of Egypt: From the Arab Conquest to the Present (Afaf Lutfi Al-Sayyid Marsot), Inside Egypt: The Land of the Pharaohs on the Brink of a Revolution (John R. Bradley)
This page is getting a major overhaul once I finish reading my history book.
Timeline | Bosses
GRECO-ROMAN EGYPT
332-323 BC: Alexander the Great defeats the Persians and brings Egypt into his empire.
323-30 BC: Alexander's general Ptolemy founds the dynasty of Greek Ptolemaic rulers who adopt Egyptian religion, architecture and clothing. They turn their new capital Alexandria into the greatest city in the world and maintain independence until their last ruler, Cleopatra VII, marries the roman ruler Julius Caesar and, on his death, Marc Antony.
30 BC-640 AD: Rome rules Egypt and continues the tradition of adopting Egyptian religion and other traditions. In 323 AD Christianity becomes the empire's official religion, and in 394 AD the last hieroglyphs are carved at the temple of Philae, bringing ancient Egyptian culture to an end as a living force.
ISLAMIC EGYPT
642: Arab conquest of Egypt.
1100s: Christian Crusaders from Europe invade Egypt.
1168: The Fatimid ruler receives help from Saladin who forces the Crusaders out of Egypt.
1171: Saladin overthrows the Fatimid ruler and becomes the sultan of Egypt, forming the Ayyubid dynasty.
1250: The Mamelukes seized control of Egypt and Saladin, the Mameluke general, became sultan.
1517: Egypt is absorbed into the Turkish Ottoman Empire.
1798: Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the remaining Mamluks and brings large numbers of scholars and artists to study Egypt's history, flora and fauna, beginning the European fascination with Egypt.
1801: The French were forced out of Egypt by the Ottomans, with the help of the British.
1801: Britain allies itself with Turkey and drives the French out.
MODERN EGYPT
1806: Mohammed Ali, an Albanian lieutenant with the Turkish army, gains control.
1859: The construction of the Suez Canal began.
1869: The Suez Canal opened and the British bought the Egyptian shares.
1882: The British occupy Egypt in order to gain control of the canal, while leaving the heirs of Mohammed Ali in nominal control of the country.
1914-1918: World War I
1914: Egypt becomes a British protectorate.
1922: Egypt is granted its independence and an Egyptian constitutional monarchy is established.
1939-1945: World War II
1940: Italian and German troops invade Egypt to try and capture the Suez Canal.
1942: The Allies halt the German advance in the Battle of El Alamein.
1945: Egypt formed the Arab League with other Arab nations.
1947: The United Nations vote to divide Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state.
1948: Israel was formed which prompted Egypt and other Arab nations to go to war.
1950s: Egypt supported the Palestinian Arabs to regain control of Palestine from the Israelis
1952: The Egyptians revolt against the British and force them out. Colonel Nasser becomes president, nationalizes land and property through Egypt and attempts to unite the Arab world.
1953, June 18: Egypt was declared a republic.
1956, October: Israel invaded Egypt and occupied the Sinai Peninsula.
1958: Syria and Egypt formed a political union called the United Arab Republic.
1961: Syria withdrew from the U.A.R.
1967, June: The Six Day War
1970: The Aswan High Dam is completed, and with it came the end of the Nile's annual flooding cycle. The dam regulates river flooding, stores water for agriculture, and generates electricity. Without the natural nutrients provided by yearly silt deposits, farmers have had to rely more on artificial fertilizers, resulting in an increase in chemical pollution (among other problems).
1971: Sadat changed the official name of the country to the Arab Republic of Egypt.
1978: The Camp David Accords and Sadat meets with Israeli Prime Minster Menachem Begin in the USA. The agreement guaranteed the return of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt.
1979: Egypt is removed from the Arab League, Other Arab nations felt the Sadat had given up too much in the agreements with Israel.
1997: Luxor Massacre at the Temple of Hatshepsut instigated by anti-government Islamist terrorists. Tourists were systematically shot, then chopped to pieces, killing a total of 59. Terrorism had been a severe problem during the 1990s. The Egyptian tourist industry suffered a major blow from the incident and sunk even lower after future attacks (such as 9/11 in America).
BOSSES
Muhammad Naguib (1953-1954)
Gamal Abdel Nasser (1956-1970)
Muhammad Anwar El Sadat (1970-1981)
Muhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak (1981-present)
Online Sources: 01, 02, 03, 04, 05
Print Sources: A History of Egypt: From the Arab Conquest to the Present (Afaf Lutfi Al-Sayyid Marsot), Inside Egypt: The Land of the Pharaohs on the Brink of a Revolution (John R. Bradley)