(no subject)
* A) Characteristic symptoms: Two or more of the
following, each present for a significant portion of
time during a one-month period (or less, if
successfully treated)
o delusions
o hallucinations
o disorganized speech (e.g., frequent
derailment or incoherence; speaking in abstracts).
o grossly disorganized behavior (i.e.
dressing inappropriately, crying frequently) or
catatonic behavior
o negative symptoms, i.e., affective
flattening (lack or decline in emotional response),
alogia (lack or decline in speech), or avolition (lack
or decline in motivation).
Note: Only one Criterion A symptom is required if
hallucinations consist of hearing voices.
* B) Social/occupational dysfunction: For a
significant portion of the time since the onset of the
disturbance, one or more major areas of functioning
such as work or interpersonal relations are markedly
below the level achieved prior to the onset.
* C) Duration: Continuous signs of the disturbance
persist for at least six months. This six-month period
must include at least one month of symptoms that meet
Criterion A.
Historically, schizophrenia in the West was classified
into catatonic, hebephrenic, and paranoid. The DSM now
contains five sub-classifications of schizophrenia.
These are
* catatonic type (where marked absences or
peculiarities of movement are present),
* disorganized type (where thought disorder and
flat affect are present together),
* paranoid type (where delusions and vivid, often
horrifying, hallucinations are present but thought
disorder, disorganized behavior, and affective
flattening is absent),
* residual type (where positive symptoms are
present at a low intensity only) and
* undifferentiated type (psychotic symptoms are
present but the criteria for paranoid, disorganized,
or catatonic types has not been met).
following, each present for a significant portion of
time during a one-month period (or less, if
successfully treated)
o delusions
o hallucinations
o disorganized speech (e.g., frequent
derailment or incoherence; speaking in abstracts).
o grossly disorganized behavior (i.e.
dressing inappropriately, crying frequently) or
catatonic behavior
o negative symptoms, i.e., affective
flattening (lack or decline in emotional response),
alogia (lack or decline in speech), or avolition (lack
or decline in motivation).
Note: Only one Criterion A symptom is required if
hallucinations consist of hearing voices.
* B) Social/occupational dysfunction: For a
significant portion of the time since the onset of the
disturbance, one or more major areas of functioning
such as work or interpersonal relations are markedly
below the level achieved prior to the onset.
* C) Duration: Continuous signs of the disturbance
persist for at least six months. This six-month period
must include at least one month of symptoms that meet
Criterion A.
Historically, schizophrenia in the West was classified
into catatonic, hebephrenic, and paranoid. The DSM now
contains five sub-classifications of schizophrenia.
These are
* catatonic type (where marked absences or
peculiarities of movement are present),
* disorganized type (where thought disorder and
flat affect are present together),
* paranoid type (where delusions and vivid, often
horrifying, hallucinations are present but thought
disorder, disorganized behavior, and affective
flattening is absent),
* residual type (where positive symptoms are
present at a low intensity only) and
* undifferentiated type (psychotic symptoms are
present but the criteria for paranoid, disorganized,
or catatonic types has not been met).