Էլիտայի մասին
Աղբյուրը՝ wikileaks.org
Summary
-------
¶1. Armenians who engage in serious discussions in the blogosphere
are still a rather elite, western-oriented group, although many
ordinary Armenians use Russian-language social networking and other
sites which can include a less informed debate of the issues.
Internet penetration is still rather low, (around 10-12 percent, but
access via mobile phones is growing quickly). At an Embassy
roundtable, bloggers noted the important role that new media plays
in an open press, civil society development, and as a tool of track
two diplomatic efforts in resolving the Nagorno-Karabakh (N-K)
conflict. They welcomed USG participation in online debates and
suggested ways we could aid in the development of social media in
Armenia, emphasizing the need for training and infrastructure
support. End summary.
¶2. On November 4, the Public Affairs Section held a roundtable
discussion with some of Armenia's most active bloggers to discuss
social and new media trends in the country. Participants discussed
current blogging demographics in Armenia, noting that the majority
of Armenians both actively contributing to blogs and passively
reading them are either Diaspora or Armenia's "elite few" who have
access to personal internet at home and work. Another blogger
concurred, stating, "There are bloggers out there writing in Russian
and Armenian, but Armenian text for blogging is only 68 percent
developed. Any why would you follow what is being written in
Russian? It's not constructive and very nationalistic. The elite
that are really using blogging are the western-minded, English
speaking, upper class. They are open to change, open to the world.
But this is such a small fraction of the population."
¶3. Note: All of the bloggers at the roundtable fit this "elite"
description. One grew up in Britain, another is a U.S. Government
program alumna whose father is a deputy minister. A third blogger
did post graduate-level research at Harvard, and another is a
reporter who travels internationally for the USG-supported Radio
Liberty. While acknowledging the high amount of activity in the
Russian blogosphere, all expressed disdain for the high level of
vitriol and low level of intellectual discourse in Russian-language
new media. They were especially vehement on that point when
discussing a popular Russian version of Facebook called
Odnoklassniki, which they urged the Embassy to avoid. Despite one
blogger noting, "This is not yet for the masses," all believe
internet capabilities to be rapidly increasing in the country and
interest in blogs to be growing.
--------------------------------------------- ------
ACCESSIBLE TECHNOLOGY WILL INCREASE NEW MEDIA USAGE
-S&f2Q& operating in Armenia, currently
has 600,000 Armenians (out of a total population of just 3 million)
subscribing to internet-enabled phones (mostly, he believed, to
access Odnoklassniki). Another blogger noted, "Armenians love their
phones. They will spend money on a fancy phone when they have no
money to eat. People place phones on cafe tables, not because they
are expecting a call, but because they want to be seen. You want
someone to hear your message? Put it on a phone." While they
indicated that Twitter has yet to catch on in Armenia, they did note
that not only are tweets inexpensive - about five cents per tweet -
but Short Message Service (SMS) texts are already a primary means of
communication on basic cell phones. A third blogger noted the
importance of YouTube as an information sharing tool, stating,
"Armenians are no longer avid readers. If you really want someone
to notice something, put it on YouTube. Would you rather watch a 2
minute clip or read a long official blog? Which do you think has
more impact?" In Armenia, young internet users are avid YouTube
users.
--------------------------------------------- -------
BLOGGING AS TOOL FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, STABILITY
--------------------------------------------- -------
¶5. Constantly returning to their motivation for blogging, the
roundtable participants were quick to discuss the important role
that new media could play in developing civil society, a more open
press, and as a tool of track two diplomatic efforts in resolving
the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. One blogger addressed the vital role
that SMS texts played during March 1-2, 2008 protests that left 10
dead and several prominent political leaders detained, stating,
"This is live action stuff. If you trust your source, the truth
gets out there and goes viral." Another noted that during the
aftermath of March 2008, many Armenians turned to internet sources
for information, circumventing blocked sites and the general media
blackout. The Radio Liberty blogger also stated, "The internet
captures the world's attention. I was in London during March 2008.
What shocked other reporters was not that 10 people had died, or
that the political system was in crisis, but that YouTube had been
blocked by the government. That's what got reported. You can beat
a journalist - that's unfortunately still routine news around the
world - but you can't detain a blogger without an international
outcry."
¶6. The roundtable participants pointed to how the internet provided
information when traditional media outlets could not, and stated it
also continues to play a role in how the pro-government and
opposition parties spread their message in Armenia. Ex-president
and head of the opposition Armenian National Congress, Levon
Ter-Petrossian, maintains his own social networking site called
Hayland. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in turn, places clips of
official press conferences on YouTube. Civilitas NGO Director and
former Foreign Minister Vartan Oskanian was also named one of the
most active YouTube posters in Armenia by the bloggers.
¶7. Bloggers also noted the potential impact new media could have in
developing civil society and spreading information on underserved
populations in Armenia that traditional media do not often cover in
broadcasts or print press. Roundtable participants discussed the
need for awareness of gay rights, minority groups, and environmental
activism. One blogger urged, "Get people talking about these
things. Have them take photos of pollution caused by industry!
Give the Yezidis (ethnic Kurds) a voice! Let's discuss
discrimination against sexual minorities, follow trials live as they
happen. Regular media is simply not going to do this."
¶8. Most interesting to the bloggers is the ability to use new media
as a tool of track two diplomatic efforts in resolving the
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. One blogger praised the USG-funded
Dot.com project, which has linked American, Armenian and Azerbaijani
high school students via the internet to discuss a range of issues,
including N-K. (Note: We have heard that the recent Turkey-Armenia
protocols have introduced an element of friction in that blogging
community). Another recounted how she had recently traveled to N-K
with a group of Armenian journalists to meet with refugees and train
both groups on how to share the refugees' stories, "without drama
and without politics" through new media. She added, "This was about
their situation in their own voice, not about which side has to make
which territorial concessions." Two more bloggers concluded, "New
media is great for conflict resolution. It is fast, it's direct.
It provides contact. It's relatively anonymous. And in the case of
this region, Azerbaijan's blogosphere is quite developed. There is
a lot of communication over Facebook between Armenia and Azerbaijan.
There may not be a phone line or an open border, but internet has
no such limits."
---------------------
HOW TO HELP BLOGGERS
---------------------
¶9. Bloggers ended the meeting by providing specific examples of how
the U.S. Embassy could aid in the development of social media in
Armenia, emphasizing training and infrastructure support. One
blogger, also the leader of a large academic association, suggested
that the Embassy consider an education blog, but noted that
monitoring the site is "a full time job." Another noted the need
for Armenian language fonts for mobile phones, a proxy server to
reduce internet costs and increase user security, a mobile interface
for journalists, providing "netbooks" for press that wish to
broadcast live through internet servers, and training for both
traditional media and underrepresented communities. "If people know
how to blog and have access to internet, you give them a voice."
(Note: Access to internet is improving, but current usage is
roughly 10 percent of the population, and internet dial-up is slow,
prompting another blogger to add, "If you could fund some Wifi hot
spots in Yerevan, this would be of great help. Particularly near my
apartment downtown." End note.)
¶10. The bloggers lauded an OSI project called blogroll.ge, a
Georgian-language website that provides regular updates on a large
number of Georgian blogs, inquiring if a similar project could be
implemented in Armenia. The roundtable participants also cautioned
against "throwing money" at traditional media sources who are
investing in blogs, noting, "we do this for free," "money kills a
blog's integrity," and "no one in Armenia reads them." They also
stressed the need for local news content, pointing to PanArmenia.net
and Tert.am, on-line news agencies, which they criticized as, having
"mostly foreign readership and little Armenian content," whereas,
opposition A1+ is by far the most popular with extensive Armenian
content and video material. (Note: One of our interlocutors
acknowledged, however, that most of the 177 subscribers to his blog
were Diasporan Armenians.)
¶11. While our interlocutors generally saw little advantage to
having an Embassy blog, they were encouraged and supportive of USG
participation in the blogosphere. One relayed a story about an
ianyan.com blogger who received a posting by former Minsk Group
Co-Chair Matthew Bryza. They noted she was "ecstatic for days that
he was reading and responding to her postings." His main point, and
that of the others, was that blogging at its best is borderless,
person-to-person, and the type of innovative diplomacy that can make
an immediate and increasingly wider impact.
Summary
-------
¶1. Armenians who engage in serious discussions in the blogosphere
are still a rather elite, western-oriented group, although many
ordinary Armenians use Russian-language social networking and other
sites which can include a less informed debate of the issues.
Internet penetration is still rather low, (around 10-12 percent, but
access via mobile phones is growing quickly). At an Embassy
roundtable, bloggers noted the important role that new media plays
in an open press, civil society development, and as a tool of track
two diplomatic efforts in resolving the Nagorno-Karabakh (N-K)
conflict. They welcomed USG participation in online debates and
suggested ways we could aid in the development of social media in
Armenia, emphasizing the need for training and infrastructure
support. End summary.
¶2. On November 4, the Public Affairs Section held a roundtable
discussion with some of Armenia's most active bloggers to discuss
social and new media trends in the country. Participants discussed
current blogging demographics in Armenia, noting that the majority
of Armenians both actively contributing to blogs and passively
reading them are either Diaspora or Armenia's "elite few" who have
access to personal internet at home and work. Another blogger
concurred, stating, "There are bloggers out there writing in Russian
and Armenian, but Armenian text for blogging is only 68 percent
developed. Any why would you follow what is being written in
Russian? It's not constructive and very nationalistic. The elite
that are really using blogging are the western-minded, English
speaking, upper class. They are open to change, open to the world.
But this is such a small fraction of the population."
¶3. Note: All of the bloggers at the roundtable fit this "elite"
description. One grew up in Britain, another is a U.S. Government
program alumna whose father is a deputy minister. A third blogger
did post graduate-level research at Harvard, and another is a
reporter who travels internationally for the USG-supported Radio
Liberty. While acknowledging the high amount of activity in the
Russian blogosphere, all expressed disdain for the high level of
vitriol and low level of intellectual discourse in Russian-language
new media. They were especially vehement on that point when
discussing a popular Russian version of Facebook called
Odnoklassniki, which they urged the Embassy to avoid. Despite one
blogger noting, "This is not yet for the masses," all believe
internet capabilities to be rapidly increasing in the country and
interest in blogs to be growing.
--------------------------------------------- ------
ACCESSIBLE TECHNOLOGY WILL INCREASE NEW MEDIA USAGE
-S&f2Q& operating in Armenia, currently
has 600,000 Armenians (out of a total population of just 3 million)
subscribing to internet-enabled phones (mostly, he believed, to
access Odnoklassniki). Another blogger noted, "Armenians love their
phones. They will spend money on a fancy phone when they have no
money to eat. People place phones on cafe tables, not because they
are expecting a call, but because they want to be seen. You want
someone to hear your message? Put it on a phone." While they
indicated that Twitter has yet to catch on in Armenia, they did note
that not only are tweets inexpensive - about five cents per tweet -
but Short Message Service (SMS) texts are already a primary means of
communication on basic cell phones. A third blogger noted the
importance of YouTube as an information sharing tool, stating,
"Armenians are no longer avid readers. If you really want someone
to notice something, put it on YouTube. Would you rather watch a 2
minute clip or read a long official blog? Which do you think has
more impact?" In Armenia, young internet users are avid YouTube
users.
--------------------------------------------- -------
BLOGGING AS TOOL FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, STABILITY
--------------------------------------------- -------
¶5. Constantly returning to their motivation for blogging, the
roundtable participants were quick to discuss the important role
that new media could play in developing civil society, a more open
press, and as a tool of track two diplomatic efforts in resolving
the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. One blogger addressed the vital role
that SMS texts played during March 1-2, 2008 protests that left 10
dead and several prominent political leaders detained, stating,
"This is live action stuff. If you trust your source, the truth
gets out there and goes viral." Another noted that during the
aftermath of March 2008, many Armenians turned to internet sources
for information, circumventing blocked sites and the general media
blackout. The Radio Liberty blogger also stated, "The internet
captures the world's attention. I was in London during March 2008.
What shocked other reporters was not that 10 people had died, or
that the political system was in crisis, but that YouTube had been
blocked by the government. That's what got reported. You can beat
a journalist - that's unfortunately still routine news around the
world - but you can't detain a blogger without an international
outcry."
¶6. The roundtable participants pointed to how the internet provided
information when traditional media outlets could not, and stated it
also continues to play a role in how the pro-government and
opposition parties spread their message in Armenia. Ex-president
and head of the opposition Armenian National Congress, Levon
Ter-Petrossian, maintains his own social networking site called
Hayland. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in turn, places clips of
official press conferences on YouTube. Civilitas NGO Director and
former Foreign Minister Vartan Oskanian was also named one of the
most active YouTube posters in Armenia by the bloggers.
¶7. Bloggers also noted the potential impact new media could have in
developing civil society and spreading information on underserved
populations in Armenia that traditional media do not often cover in
broadcasts or print press. Roundtable participants discussed the
need for awareness of gay rights, minority groups, and environmental
activism. One blogger urged, "Get people talking about these
things. Have them take photos of pollution caused by industry!
Give the Yezidis (ethnic Kurds) a voice! Let's discuss
discrimination against sexual minorities, follow trials live as they
happen. Regular media is simply not going to do this."
¶8. Most interesting to the bloggers is the ability to use new media
as a tool of track two diplomatic efforts in resolving the
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. One blogger praised the USG-funded
Dot.com project, which has linked American, Armenian and Azerbaijani
high school students via the internet to discuss a range of issues,
including N-K. (Note: We have heard that the recent Turkey-Armenia
protocols have introduced an element of friction in that blogging
community). Another recounted how she had recently traveled to N-K
with a group of Armenian journalists to meet with refugees and train
both groups on how to share the refugees' stories, "without drama
and without politics" through new media. She added, "This was about
their situation in their own voice, not about which side has to make
which territorial concessions." Two more bloggers concluded, "New
media is great for conflict resolution. It is fast, it's direct.
It provides contact. It's relatively anonymous. And in the case of
this region, Azerbaijan's blogosphere is quite developed. There is
a lot of communication over Facebook between Armenia and Azerbaijan.
There may not be a phone line or an open border, but internet has
no such limits."
---------------------
HOW TO HELP BLOGGERS
---------------------
¶9. Bloggers ended the meeting by providing specific examples of how
the U.S. Embassy could aid in the development of social media in
Armenia, emphasizing training and infrastructure support. One
blogger, also the leader of a large academic association, suggested
that the Embassy consider an education blog, but noted that
monitoring the site is "a full time job." Another noted the need
for Armenian language fonts for mobile phones, a proxy server to
reduce internet costs and increase user security, a mobile interface
for journalists, providing "netbooks" for press that wish to
broadcast live through internet servers, and training for both
traditional media and underrepresented communities. "If people know
how to blog and have access to internet, you give them a voice."
(Note: Access to internet is improving, but current usage is
roughly 10 percent of the population, and internet dial-up is slow,
prompting another blogger to add, "If you could fund some Wifi hot
spots in Yerevan, this would be of great help. Particularly near my
apartment downtown." End note.)
¶10. The bloggers lauded an OSI project called blogroll.ge, a
Georgian-language website that provides regular updates on a large
number of Georgian blogs, inquiring if a similar project could be
implemented in Armenia. The roundtable participants also cautioned
against "throwing money" at traditional media sources who are
investing in blogs, noting, "we do this for free," "money kills a
blog's integrity," and "no one in Armenia reads them." They also
stressed the need for local news content, pointing to PanArmenia.net
and Tert.am, on-line news agencies, which they criticized as, having
"mostly foreign readership and little Armenian content," whereas,
opposition A1+ is by far the most popular with extensive Armenian
content and video material. (Note: One of our interlocutors
acknowledged, however, that most of the 177 subscribers to his blog
were Diasporan Armenians.)
¶11. While our interlocutors generally saw little advantage to
having an Embassy blog, they were encouraged and supportive of USG
participation in the blogosphere. One relayed a story about an
ianyan.com blogger who received a posting by former Minsk Group
Co-Chair Matthew Bryza. They noted she was "ecstatic for days that
he was reading and responding to her postings." His main point, and
that of the others, was that blogging at its best is borderless,
person-to-person, and the type of innovative diplomacy that can make
an immediate and increasingly wider impact.