GENETICS
C. What is known about adult stem cell differentiation?
examples of adult differentitaion:
1. adult stem cells can transdifferentiate or have plasticity which means they have the ability to form specialized cell types of otehr tissues
2. Hematopoietic stem cells can give rise to all types of blood cells
3. Mesenchymal stem cells are bone marrow stromal cells and can give rise to many different types of connective tissue cells
4. neural stem cells give rise to neve cells, and astrocytes and oligodendrocytes which are not types of nerve cells.
5. Epithelial stem cellsin the lining of the digestive tract turn into absorptive cells, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and enteroendocrine cells.
6.Skin stem cells turn into keratinocytes whcih migrate to become the surfacr of the skin and form a protective layer; the follicular give rise to teh hair follicle and teh epidermis
Some adult stem cells are pluripotent (can become many types of cells, btu not all)
1. Hematopoietic stem cells can become brain cells, skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and liver cells
2. Bone marrow stromal cells can differentiate into cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells
3. Brain stem cells can become blood cells and skeletal muscle cells
Current research is aimed at dtermining the mechanisms that underlie adult stem cell plasticity
D. what are the key questions about adult stem cells that still remain
1. how many kinds of adult stem cells exist and in what tissues do they exist
2.Where do adult stem cells come from? are they leftover from embryonic cells
3. do stem cells naturally transdifferentiate or do the cells send out signals to perform it
4. What factors stimulate cells to relocate to sites of injury or damage
examples of adult differentitaion:
1. adult stem cells can transdifferentiate or have plasticity which means they have the ability to form specialized cell types of otehr tissues
2. Hematopoietic stem cells can give rise to all types of blood cells
3. Mesenchymal stem cells are bone marrow stromal cells and can give rise to many different types of connective tissue cells
4. neural stem cells give rise to neve cells, and astrocytes and oligodendrocytes which are not types of nerve cells.
5. Epithelial stem cellsin the lining of the digestive tract turn into absorptive cells, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and enteroendocrine cells.
6.Skin stem cells turn into keratinocytes whcih migrate to become the surfacr of the skin and form a protective layer; the follicular give rise to teh hair follicle and teh epidermis
Some adult stem cells are pluripotent (can become many types of cells, btu not all)
1. Hematopoietic stem cells can become brain cells, skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and liver cells
2. Bone marrow stromal cells can differentiate into cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells
3. Brain stem cells can become blood cells and skeletal muscle cells
Current research is aimed at dtermining the mechanisms that underlie adult stem cell plasticity
D. what are the key questions about adult stem cells that still remain
1. how many kinds of adult stem cells exist and in what tissues do they exist
2.Where do adult stem cells come from? are they leftover from embryonic cells
3. do stem cells naturally transdifferentiate or do the cells send out signals to perform it
4. What factors stimulate cells to relocate to sites of injury or damage