Откуда есть пошел американский расизм

[3seemingmonkeys]

European settlers in North America were divided by a number of ethnic and religious boundaries (Silver 2008). In eighteenth-century Pennsylvania the English found it difficult to cooperate with the Germans and the Irish, and each ethnic group was further divided into feuding sectarian groups. Quakers squabbled with Anglicans, while German Lutherans feuded with Moravians and Mennonites. As one contemporary observer wrote in the early eighteenth century, “Pennsylvania is a compleat Babel” (Silver 2008). Yet, by the end of the eighteenth century the European settlers forged a common identity (“white people”) in opposition to the natives. As Nancy Shoemaker (2004) showed, these metaethnic labels (the Whites vs. the Reds) were not immediately evoked as soon as settlers and natives came in contact. Rather, during the course of the eighteenth century Europeans and Indians gradually abandoned an initial willingness to recognize in each other a common humanity. Instead, both sides developed new stereotypes of the Other rooted in conviction that they were peoples fundamentally at odds, by custom and even by nature (Shoemaker 2004).

Warfare and Social Complexity by P. Turchin