List of cognitive biases
--Bold the biases you believe you have--
Decision making and behavioral biases-
anchoring - the tendency to rely too heavily, or "anchor," on one trait or piece of information when making decisions.
bandwagon effect - the tendency to do (or believe) things because many other people do (or believe) the same.
belief bias - the tendency to base assessments on personal beliefs
bias blind spot - the tendency not to compensate for one's own cognitive biases.
choice-supportive bias - the tendency to remember one's choices as better than they actually were.
confirmation bias - the tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions.
congruence bias - the tendency to test hypotheses exclusively through direct testing
contrast effect - the enhancement or diminishment of a weight or other measurement when compared with recently observed contrasting object.
disconfirmation bias - the tendency for people to extend critical scrutiny to information which contradicts their prior beliefs and accept uncritically information that is congruent with their prior beliefs.
endowment effect - the tendency for people to value something more as soon as they own it.
hyperbolic discounting - the tendency for people to have a stronger preference for more immediate payoffs relative to later payoffs, the closer to the present both payoffs are.
illusion of control - the tendency for human beings to believe they can control or at least influence outcomes which they clearly cannot.
impact bias - the tendency for people to overestimate the length or the intensity of the impact of future feeling states.
information bias - the tendency to seek information even when it cannot affect action
just-world phenomenon - the tendency for people to believe the world is "just" and so therefore people "get what they deserve."
loss aversion - the tendency for people to strongly prefer avoiding losses than acquiring gains
mere exposure effect - the tendency to express undue liking for things merely because they are familiar with them.
color psychology - the tendency for cultural symbolism of certain colors to affect affective reasoning.
planning fallacy - the tendency to underestimate task-completion times.
pseudocertainty effect - the tendency to make risk-averse choices if the expected outcome is positive, but risk-seeking choices to avoid negative outcomes.
rosy retrospection - the tendency to rate past events more positively than they had actually rated them when the event occurred.
selective perception - the tendency for expectations to affect perception.
status quo bias - the tendency for people to like things to stay relatively the same.
Von Restorff effect - the tendency for an item that "stands out like a sore thumb" to be more likely to be remembered than other items.
Zeigarnik effect - the tendency for people to remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones.
Belief Overkill - the tendency to bring beliefs and values together so that they all point to the same conclusion
Probability prediction biases-
anthropic bias - the tendency for one's evidence to be biased by observation selection effects.
availability error - the distortion of one's perceptions of reality due to the tendency to remember one alternative outcome of a situation much more easily than another.
clustering illusion - the tendency to see patterns where actually none exist
conjunction fallacy - the tendency to assume that specific conditions are more probable than general ones.
gambler's fallacy - the tendency to assume that individual random events are influenced by previous random events-"the coin doesn't have memory"
hindsight bias - sometimes called the "I-knew-it-all-along" effect, is the inclination to see past events as being predictable.
illusory correlation - beliefs that inaccurately suppose a relationship between a certain type of action and an effect.
Observer-expectancy effect - when a researcher expects a given result and therefore unconsciously manipulates an experiment or misinterprets data in order to find it.
Positive outcome bias (prediction) - a bias in prediction in which people overestimate the probability of good things happening to them.
recency effect - the tendency to weigh recent events more than earlier events
primacy effect - the tendency to weigh initial events more than subsequent events
Social biases-
Barnum effect (or Forer Effect) - the tendency to give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically for them, but are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people.
egocentric bias - occurs when people claim more responsibility for themselves for the results of a joint action than an outside observer would.
false consensus effect - the tendency for people to overestimate the degree to which others agree with them.
fundamental attribution error - the tendency for people to over-emphasize personality-based explanations for behaviors observed in others while under-emphasizing the role and power of situational influences on the same behavior.
halo effect - the tendency for a person's positive or negative traits to "spill over" from one area of their personality to another in others' perceptions of them.
illusion of asymmetic insight - people perceive their knowledge of their peers to surpass their peers' knowledge of them.
ingroup bias
- preferential treatment people give to whom they perceive to be members of their own groups.
Lake Wobegon effect - the human tendency to report flattering beliefs about oneself and believe that one is above average.
notational bias - a form of cultural bias in which a notation induces the appearance of a nonexistent natural law.
outgroup homogeneity bias - individuals see members of their own group as being relatively more varied than members of other groups.
projection bias - the tendency to unconsciously assume that others share the same or similar thoughts, beliefs, values, or positions.
self-serving bias - the tendency to claim more responsibility for successes than failures. It may also manifest itself as a tendency for people to evaluate ambiguous information in a way beneficial to their interests.
trait ascription bias - the tendency for people to view themselves as relatively variable in terms of personality, behavior and mood while viewing others as much more predictable.
self-fulfilling prophecy - the tendency to engage in behaviors that elicit results which will (consciously or subconsciously) confirm our beliefs.